Free Custom «Black Holes» Essay Paper

The discovery of Black

Black holes are the most mysterious objects that modern physics predicted. Event horizon is the edge of the black hole. If anybody attempts to cross the black hole he or she will never come back. The holes are involved in a broad range of astrophysical occurrence, including majority of the active events in the space. 

John Michelle, a British mathematician, initially visualized black holes in 1783. He called them dark stars and his explanation was based on Newton's laws of gravity. Employing Newton's law of gravity, he argued that a suitably thick object would posses an escape speed that is greater than light's speed. John was not sure if such objects exist. He later abandoned his studies on these objects. Polymath Pierre-Simon from France conducted soon afterwards similar research.  

In 1915, Albert Einstein introduced his concept of general relativity. This theory enabled the initial good explanations of black holes to be created. One year later Karl Schwarzschild came up with the initial mathematical description. Currently it is referred as Schwarzschild black hole. It explains a black hole that is completely spherical and does not rotate.

 

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Karl Schwarzschild is recognized as a bright astronomer who discovered black holes concept. In 1916, Karl applied Einstein's general relativity's theory. He started by making calculations about the star's gravity fields. Schwarzschild concluded that if a very big object, such as a star, were to be viewed as a minute point, the impacts of Einstein's relativity would be fairly great. Schwarzschild was not sure if a star could be such small. He imagined that in case a star shrinks on itself, its gravity would not change and the planets that are revolving around the star would remain in their orbits.   

In 1968, the physicist John Wheeler invented the name black hole. He was one of the most powerful scientists in the black holes research, contributing a huge amount of study to our current understanding of black holes.         

What black holes are, where are they located in space, what do they do?

A black hole can be defined as a space region from which nothing can escape. This is because of distortion of space time caused by extremely compact mass. There is unnoticeable surface around a black hole that marks the no return's point. The surface is referred as event horizon. It is referred as black because the region absorbs all the lights that falls on it. It cannot reflect anything, just like a complete black surface in thermodynamics.

Though the interior of the black hole is invisible, it can be viewed through its association with other objects. A black hole can be deduced by following the group of stars movement that orbits an area in a space. In other words, when gas enters stellar black hole from a companion star, the gas twists inwards, heating at a very high temperature and producing huge amounts of radiation that can be noticed from earthbound and earth-orbiting telescopes. 

Locations that black holes can easily be found have been identified. One likely area is at the middle of galaxies. At this region the concentration of stars increases the possibility of larger stars to burn off their fuel, creating black holes which consumed each other until one huge black hole was created. Quasars, the bright area at the middle of galaxies that produces humongous quantities of energy, could possibly contain black holes.  

The intense black hole gravitation is strong enough to curve the time and space in its neighborhood. The intense gravitation causes a kind of a funnel consequence in that space time. This causes matters to be attracted gravitationally to it. It is supposed that the matter's atoms that enter the black holes are crushed into smaller area. As more matters enter the black hole, the gravitational field becomes more massive and stronger. A black hole is what is left when a huge a star dies. The black hole core is very strong. It sucks anything to an extent that light cannot get away.

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The famous black holes in space are stellar and supermassive black hole. Stellar black hole is created by the gravitational collapse of a huge star. The process is viewed as a supernova explosion. Supermassive black hole is the biggest black hole type in a galaxy, on the array of hundreds, thousands, to billions of solar masses. Most galaxies, Milky Way included, are believed to have, at their middle, Supermassive black holes.

Astronomers have recognized many stellar black hole candidates. They have also discovered supermassive black holes evidence at the middle of galaxies. In 1998, astronomers discovered compelling proof that a supermassive black hole that exceeds two million solar masses is situated near Sagittarius area in the middle of the Milky Way galaxy. The current results show that supermassive black hole exceeds four million solar masses.

White holes and how they are related to black holes.

A white hole is a theoretical space time region which cannot be accessed from outside. In a white hole, matter and light can easily escape. This is a reverse of a black hole. A black hole can be entered from outside but nothing including light can escape from it. White holes emerge in eternal black hole theory. In addition to a future black hole, Einstein equations solution has a white hole area in its past. However, this area is not available for black holes that have been created through gravitational collapse. There are no recognized physical procedures through which a white hole could be created.

Just like black holes, white holes comprise properties such as, mass, angular momentum, and charge. They attract object same as other mass. Objects that falls on a white hole cannot reach the event horizon of the white hole. However, according to maximally extended Schwarzschild solution, the event horizon of white hole in the past always becomes the event horizon of black hole in the future, therefore any object that falls towards the white hole will finally reach the event horizon of black hole.  

In quantum mechanics, it is believed that black holes produces Hawking radiation, and it can reach thermal equilibrium with radiation's gas. Since a thermal stability state is instance reversal invariant, Hawking argued that black hole's time reverse in thermal stability is again a black hole in thermal stability. The Hawking radiation from a normal black hole is recognized with white hole production.

As a black hole irreversibly consumes anything that falls in it, a white hole only discharges energy and object out. However, since white holes seem to go against thermodynamics' second law it appears improbable that they exist in natural world. Albert Einstein discovered White holes. The holes seem as section of the vacuum explanation to the Einstein field equations explaining Schwarzschild wormhole. White holes emerge as a solution's part to the Einstein field equations. It explains an eternal black hole that does not have charge and rotation.