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Identify 15 of what you consider the highest priority standards that likely apply to this operation to include the code number for the standard and describe a hazard demonstrating why the standard applies.

1. OSHA regulation 29 CFR 1910.178. through 1910.184. “Powered Industrial Trucks”. The company uses cantilever racks, dollies, hand trucks and LP gas powered forklift. It is crucial for operators to be trained to run lift trucks carefully in order to avoid industrial accidents that can lead to injuries, disability, or death.

2. OSHA Requirements 29 CFR 1910.269 – “Electric Power Generation, Transmission, and Distribution”. The company owns many units of electrical equipment. Electrical hazards can cause shocks, electrocution and burns. Therefore, workers should follow the rules of electrical and industrial safety.
3. OSHA Requirements 29 CFR 1915.173 – “Drums and Containers”. The company utilizes drums. Drums are large containers, and they can contain dangerous substances, like Xylene and Toluene, for example, which are used in painting as a solvent.
4. OSHA Requirements 29 CFR 1910 Sobrat I – “Personal Protective Equipment”. In its production, the company uses such raw materials as metallic sheet and metallic tubing, square tubing, hot and cold rolled metallic rods The employees are obliged to wear PPE when working with such materials or while being present in the area where manufacturing takes place.
5. OSHA Requirements 29 CFR 1910.212 and 29 CFR 1910.217 – “Iron Workers and Mechanical Power Presses”. The company employs ironworkers and possesses presses. Ironworks and presses also require from employees to wear PPE and be extremely careful to avoid industrial accidents that can lead to injuries, disability, or death.
6. OSHA Requirements 29 CFR 1910.95 – “Occupational Noise Exposure”. The fabrication department of the company experiences high levels of noise (>85dBa). Noise levels have to be controlled properly, otherwise people could lose their ability to hear over time.
7. OSHA Requirements 29 CFR 1910.254 – “Welding, Cutting, and Brazing”. The company owns welding machines. Welding machines require working staff to wear PPE while working with them and to be particularly careful to avoid industrial accidents that can lead to injuries, disability, or death.
8. OSHA Requirements 29 CFR 1915.35 – “Painting”. Company houses a painting department. Paint is a toxic substance; thus, employees should wear PPE, and their presence in this department should not exceed permissible limits.
9. OSHA Requirements 29 CFR 1910.1200 – “Hazardous Substances Including Xylene”. Xylene is a common solvent used in painting operation. Xylene is a hazardous and highly toxic substance; thus, the employees should be especially careful when working with it.
10. OSHA Requirements 29 CFR 1926.55 Appendix A – “Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Construction Industry”. Toluene is a common solvent utilized in painting operation. Toluene is a hazardous and extremely toxic substance. Therefore, the employees have to be especially careful while working with it.
11. OSHA Requirements 29 CFR 1910.94 – “Industrial Ventilation”. The company contains a painting department. Taking into consideration manufacturing related to painting processes that contain solvent vapors, high levels of ventilation are a necessary condition.
12. OSHA Requirements 29 CFR 1917.44 – “General Rules Applicable to Vehicles”. The company uses flatbeds. The employees have to be extremely careful when being close to these flatbeds.
13. OSHA Requirements 29 CFR 1910.179 – “Overhead and Gantry Cranes”. The company uses overhead cranes in its operations. The employees who work under the cranes are obliged to wear PPE. The employees who run the cranes should be highly competent and careful to avoid industrial accidents that can lead to injuries, disability, or death.
14. OSHA Requirements 29 CFR 1910.215 – “Abrasive Wheel Machinery”. The company applies wheels in manufacturing activities. The employees who work with wheel machinery have to wear PPE and be particularly careful to avoid industrial accidents that can lead to injuries, disability, or death.

OSHA Requirements 29 CFR 1910.176 – “Handling Materials General”. The company applies axles after painting. The employees should wear PPE while applying handling materials. Workers can injure their hands if they work without gloves (United States Department of Labor, 2012).

 

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OSHA Standards and Bubba’s Material Handling, Inc.

Name four important written programs this company is required to have. Explain why you believe they are required to have these written programs.

1. OSHA Requirements 29 CFR 1926.55 Appendix A – “Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Construction Industry”.

2. OSHA Requirements 29 CFR 1910.1200 – “Hazardous Substances Including Xylene”
3. OSHA Requirements 29 CFR 1915.35 – “Painting”.
4. OSHA Requirements 29 CFR 1910.269 – “Electric Power Generation, Transmission, and Distribution” (United States Department of Labor, 2012)

Three of these standards deal with toxic substances: Xylene, Toluene and paint; the fourth standard deals with electricity. Toxic substances require detailed instructions for storing, mixing and using. Whereas the electricity standards require a detailed description of all electric connections, switches, ground connection and safety procedures.

Industrial safety is a number one task for both employers and employees. It is particularly essential for those who directly work as installers and servicers of electrical systems. Electrical risks have always been considered as the most serious industrial hazards; improper usage of equipment causes serious property damage, injuries, and deaths. Nowadays, it is impossible to imagine life without electricity, and yet electricity remains the number one killer. When an electrical bug occurs, the electrical system is subdued to both magnetic and thermal forces. These forces can seriously damage equipment; besides, they are frequently followed by explosions, fire break outs, and harsh arcing. Explosions and fires violently damage property and often cause severe injuries or human casualties. Expenses related to repairing or replacement of damaged equipment, as well as medical treatment of the injured, can comprise millions of dollars. In addition, loss of ready-made products, raw materials, fuel and restoration of premises also constitute essential expenses as well as other unfavorable collateral factors including the cost of OSHA litigation and fines. Severe electrical bugs could shut down an entire working process or assembly factory, thus leaving thousands of workers without earnings for weeks while an electric system is being replaced. Sometimes such tragic events can close a plant forever (Grady, 2010).

Toxic and hazardous substances are identified as those chemicals that can cause harm when they are present in the working environment. In this identification, chemicals comprise mixtures, dusts, and ordinary materials such as fuels, solvents and paints. OSHA currently regulates and has standards of using of about 400 known substances. Exposure to chemicals ordinarily applied in many workplaces could lead to a plethora of implicit, long-term and sometimes dangerous health effects such as skin rashes, poisoning, and disorders of the liver, kidney and lungs. The written programs for the toxic substances such as Xylene, Toluene and paint should include detailed safety regulations concerning their chemical and physical structure, temperature of storage, permissible norms, types of container working procedures, time of maximum exposure to these substances, and types of personal protective equipment that should be used (Department of the Army Washington, 2008).

OSHA Standards and Bubba’s Material Handling, Inc.

Name five standards for which this company is required to provide training and briefly describe why this training is required.

1. OSHA Requirements 29 CFR 1910.212 and 29 CFR 1910.217 – “Iron Workers and Mechanical Power Presses”.
2. OSHA regulation 29 CFR 1910.178 – “Powered Industrial Trucks”.

3. OSHA Requirements 29 CFR 1910.179 – “Overhead and Gantry Cranes”.
4. OSHA Requirements 29 CFR 1910.254 – “Welding, Cutting, and Brazing”.
5. OSHA Requirements 29 CFR 1910.215 – “Abrasive Wheel Machinery” (United States Department of Labor, 2012)

The standards mentioned above should be applied as training programs because the common causes of industrial accidents include defective or out of order equipment, poor maintenance of pressure equipment; disregard to safety regulations, operator error through incompetence, inattention, poor training or supervision, incompetent machinery adjustment or inadequate repairs or modifications.

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Therefore, these training programs should provide not only detailed safety regulations, but technical support, working procedures, training and examination schedule for workers. Moreover, it should be not just a training program, but an entire teaching course with subjects concerning safety rules and personal protective equipment, technical characteristics, rules of correct and safe equipment usage, rules of appropriate behavior with certain objects, etc. For workers to be totally safe, they have to understand and respect the machinery as well as safety rules. Such programs have to describe the possible hazards and ways of avoiding them in details, as well as provide information concerning appropriate behavior with equipment and avoiding injuries.

Safety rule should be in relation to mechanical and non-mechanical hazards. Sometimes, non-mechanical hazards can be indirectly responsible for certain industrial accidents. For example, a worker who does not wear appropriate personal protective equipment while driving a crane inhales toxic vapors. Workers often do not wear hard hats, gloves, ear protectors, or eye-shields because they are not comfortable or make them look funny. Thus, one of the goals of such training programs should be to explain the necessity to follow all safety regulations.